This study was conducted to determine the effect of variable nitrogen supply on YIELD parameters of two sugar beet varieties, as well as on biomass allocation to different parts of sugar beet plant at Safi-Abad Agric. Res. Center during 2003-4 AND 2004-5. Five nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, 180 AND 240 kgha-1) AND two monogerm sugar beet varieties (Shirin AND Rasol) were arranged as factorial in a rANDomized complete block design with four replications. There was a significant difference between years for most sugar beet YIELD parameters. In the first year, nitrogen had no significant effect on root YIELD (mean of five rates was 93 t/ha) but changed sugar content significantly. N0 had the highest sugar content (13.7%). In the second year, root YIELD was influenced significantly by nitrogen so that N240 produced the highest root YIELD (80.9 tha-1) whereas sugar content did not change significantly. There were no significant differences between two varieties for all YIELD parameters in the two years. Increasing N shifted allocation of biomass to petiole AND crown AND reduced its allocation to root. But no differences between nitrogen rates for biomass allocation to leaf were found. All nitrogen rates had same leaf number, leaf area index AND canopy closure during the first year, but during the second year increasing nitrogen levels accelerated canopy closure AND increased leaf number AND leaf area index. Nitrogen had no significant effect on nitrogen content AND nitrogen uptake of different plant parts in the first year. Total nitrogen uptake by sugar beet at the end of season was 574 kgha-1 in the first year. In the second year, total nitrogen uptake was influenced by application of nitrogen, so that uptakes in 0 AND 240 kgha-1 N were 186 AND 351 kgha-1 respectively.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using portulaca oleracea as a source of plant antioxidants for feeding fattening male lambs, on carcass traits, meat QUALITY, AND oxidative stability. Twenty-one male lambs with an average weight of 24±1.5 kg AND 150±15 days old were fed with one of the experimental rations included a diet without portulaca oleracea as control, a diet containing 7.5%, AND a diet containing 15% portulaca oleracea, for 84 days. The muscle (Longissimus dorsi) samplewas used to determine pH, chemical composition, colorimetric properties, AND oxidative stability of meat. Meat lipid oxidation was determined after 1, 7, AND 30 days of refrigerated storage using thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). The use of portulaca oleracea in diets improved meat color CHARACTERISTICS such as L, chroma, AND Hue. The highest ash concentration AND the lowest meat moisture were observed in the treatment of 15% portulaca oleracea (P<0.05). Meat pH was the lowest in the first hour after slaughter but did not differ at 24 h. Compared to the control, in both treatment groups feeding the lambs with portulaca significantly reduced the concentration of Malondialdehyde in the meat of the lambs AND increased the meat oxidative stability (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that feeding portulaca oleracea by improving properties such as color AND increasing the meat oxidative stability improves meat QUALITY, which may have lead to an increase in its nutritional value in terms of human health.

To assesse the iron AND silicon effects on the YIELD AND physiological CHARACTERISTICS of green pea, WANDo cultivar by ASGrow Corporation was used in three levels of iron chelate (0.05, 0.1 AND 0.3 gr per l-1) AND silicon (0, 14 AND 28 mg per l-1), as a factorial experimental in completely rANDomized design with three replications. In this experiment, characterisics such as fresh AND dry weight of grain, the number of grain per pod, concentration of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn AND Si in leaf AND grain were measured. Results showed that the interaction of Fe AND Si was significant at p<0.01 on grain fresh AND dry wigeht, concentratin of leaf AND grain Fe, leaf Mn, leaf AND grain Zn AND leaf Si AND the application of Fe AND Si was significant separately, on other traits such as number of grain per pod, concentration of leaf AND grain Cu, Mn AND Si in grain.  The Mean squares showed that the application of Fe AND Si significantly increased fresh AND dry grain weight AND Si laef concetration AND decreased the concentratin of leaf AND grain Fe AND Mn as well as grain Mn.  The enhancement of Fe AND Si application separately decreased the concentration of Mn, Cu AND zinc leaf AND grains, but the Si concentration of leaf AND grain were increased by Si application. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu AND Zn were decreased in leaf AND grain because of antagonistic effects. It can be concluded that Si reduces the harmfull effects of high levels of iron toxicity AND the application of 0.1 g/l AND 25 mg/l can be recommended as the best treatments.

In order to investigate the possibility of quinoa producing in Garmsar, Iran, a factorial experiment conducted in rANDomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-2019 growing season at Garmsar Agricultural Research Station. The factors were planting date at three levels (March 6th, April 1st AND April 6th) AND the three genotypes of quinoa (Q26, Q29 AND Titicaca). Results showed that the effect of planting date was significant for all studied traits except the harvest index. Also, all studied traits were significantly different in all genotypes. Titicaca planted on March 6th had the highest YIELD (2276 kg.ha-1).The grain YIELD AND YIELD components decreased with the delaying the planting date. Compared to early plantings, Latest date, April 6th, led to reduction of all traits, especially grain YIELD (about 50%). The results of simple phenotypic correlation between the studied traits showed that grain YIELD per hectare had the highest correlation with plant YIELD (0.877) AND then with leaf area index (0.832), panicle weight (0.815) AND number of branches per plant (0.745) that was significant at the 1% probability level.

ABSTRACT Considering the concept of QUALITY of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understANDing of the factors affecting the QUALITY of life. Therefore, according to the size of the city, different indicators should be considered to measure the QUALITY of life. Thus, according to the main goal of the research, which is to recognize, identify AND compile the factors affecting the improvement of the QUALITY of life in middle AND small cities on an intra-provincial scale, Qazvin AND Zia Abad cities in Qazvin province were selected as study samples. In order to achieve the goal of the research, exploratory factor analysis AND regression analysis were exerted. The findings show that the homogenization of the indicators affecting the QUALITY of life in all cities is incorrect. Some concepts, such as the size of the city, are effective in compiling AND selecting the indicators affecting the QUALITY of life. So, the indicators affecting the QUALITY of life in each city can be different according to some concepts, such as the city's CHARACTERISTICS or the city's size. Examining study samples also shows that in small cities, social indicators are more important due to strong social solidarity among people AND the high importance of social AND cultural concepts. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts AND urban services in people's lives AND people's less communication with each other AND the weakening of solidarity AND social connections, indicators of urban services AND facilities AND economic factors have the most importance in explaining the QUALITY of life; this shows that the QUALITY of life indicators are different in all cities Extended Abstract Introduction QUALITY of life is a multifaceted AND dynamic concept that can be different from city to city AND region to region AND can be defined by various indicators. Not paying attention to this issue AND considering the concept of QUALITY of life equally in all cities has caused the level of QUALITY of life to decrease in many cities, especially middle AND small cities, in recent years. On the other hAND, considering the concept of QUALITY of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understANDing of the factors affecting the QUALITY of life. Following this, the main goal of this research is to identify, identify AND compile effective factors for improving the QUALITY of life in middle AND small cities on an intra-provincial scale. In order to achieve this goal, the cities of Qazvin AND Zia Abad in Qazvin province were selected as study samples, so that according to the size of the city, in order to achieve the goal of the research, the factors affecting the QUALITY of life are analyzed on an intra-provincial scale.   Methodology The research method is applied research based on quantitative methods. In line with data analysis, after extracting 60 indicators of QUALITY of life, first, the indicators were separated into separate AND structured factors using the exploratory factor analysis method in SPSS software. AND then, step by step regression method was used to measure the effective factors in improving the QUALITY of life in cities.   Results AND discussion The research findings show that based on exploratory factor analysis, 16 factors were extracted in Zia Abad city AND 15 factors in Qazvin city as effective factors on the QUALITY of life in small AND middle cities. In order to present AND explain the factors affecting the improvement of the QUALITY of life in small AND middle cities, the factors extracted from the factor analysis were analyzed by multivariate regression method AND step-by-step method. Furthermore, finally, (13) factors were introduced in Zia   Abad AND (13) factors in Qazvin as the main factors influencing the QUALITY of life. The analysis of the findings indicates that in Zia Abad, factors such as life expectancy AND social relations, security, the state of urban services AND access to urban facilities, living expenses, the state of urban furniture, urban traffic, the state of offices AND housing have more effects in explaining AND improving the QUALITY of life. In Qazvin, factors such as the state of urban services, the state of green AND public spaces in the city, the state of security AND economic opportunities in the city, the density AND hope of urban, economic, AND cultural life, the state of roads AND leisure in the city are effective in explaining the QUALITY of life. Following this, according to the above findings, QUALITY of life is a multidimensional AND dynamic concept that directly relates to the type of cities AND the specific CHARACTERISTICS of cities. Therefore, the QUALITY of life AND its indicators can differ from city to city; because every city has its CHARACTERISTICS AND CHARACTERISTICS with citizens with different cultures AND thinking, which causes the factors affecting the QUALITY of life to be different. Therefore, considering the QUALITY of life AND its indicators to be the same in all cities is wrong, which can lead to the decline of the QUALITY of life AND the failure of QUALITY of life improvement programs.   Conclusion Finally, the research results indicate that QUALITY of life is a simple concept covering various urban life aspects. This concept can be defined as a determining factor in the excellence AND progress of cities AND residents' satisfaction with their urban life. It is multifaceted AND dependent on place AND time. As a result, the perception of people in different cities AND communities about the concept of QUALITY of life AND the factors affecting it can be different. Following this, factors AND indicators should be selected according to the CHARACTERISTICS AND conditions of that city in urban planning to improve the QUALITY of life for each city. Thus, this research, using the classification of cities based on the size of the city, has presented factors specifically for middle AND small cities, which in small cities due to strong social solidarity among people AND the great importance of social AND cultural concepts, social indicators are more important. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts AND urban services in people's lives AND people's less communication with each other AND the weakening of solidarity AND social connections, indicators of urban services AND facilities AND economic factors have the most importance in explaining the QUALITY of life; this shows that the QUALITY of life indicators are different in all cities.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

To investigate the effects of water deficit stress AND bio AND non-bio fertilizers on Thymus Vulgaris, a split plot experiment was conducted based on rANDomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 in Asgarya agricultural field in Yazd. The treatments included water tension: W1=7 (Control), W2=12 AND W3=17 days irrigation intervals as the main factor AND bio AND non - bio fertilizers at five levels including B1= control (without fertilizer), B2= endo mycorrhiza (Glomus), B3= Azospirillum bacteria, B4= Pseudomonas bacteria AND B5= chemical fertilizer (NPK) a sub – factors. Results showed that the highest flowering branches YIELD, a, b, AND total chlorophylls AND nitrogen AND phosphorus elements were observed in 17 days of irrigation (W3). 12 days of irrigation treatment (W2) showed the highest potassium element rate. The highest a, b AND chlorophylls AND nitrogen were observed in Azospirillum treatment (B3). The highest total chlorophyll, phosphorus element, carotenoids AND flavonoids were observed in Pseudomonas treatment (B4); the highest potassium element rate were obtained in mycorrhiza treatment (B2); the highest flowering branches YIELD were observed in NPK treatment (B5) AND control (B1) treatment resulted in the highest anthocyanin

The aim of the current research was to identify the CHARACTERISTICS of the four elements in order to provide a problem-oriented curriculum model in the elementary school mathematics course. There were 19 participants AND the sampling was done purposefully. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews AND questionnaires. The problem-oriented curriculum template was designed using the CHARACTERISTICS of the elements AND with the method of qualitative content analysis in the elementary school mathematics course. The identified features were validated by fuzzy Delphi method AND Shannon's entropy method was used for data processing. Based on the results of the analysis, 7 main categories including the CHARACTERISTICS of goals at three levels of cognitive, attitudinal, skill, content, evaluation, teaching-learning strategy AND 46 sub-categories were identified.                                                                                                                                                                In the fuzzy Delphi section, all features were confirmed by obtaining a de-fuzzified value greater than 0.7. The results of Shannon's entropy determined that the CHARACTERISTICS of starting teaching with a challenging question, creating a suitable educational environment, continuously monitoring the QUALITY of learning strategies AND communicating with students' talents have attracted the most attention AND obtained the highest ranks AND had a higher importance factor than other CHARACTERISTICS

Recognition AND understANDing the genetic control of traits, combining ability AND genetic structure are directly related to the success of breeding programs. For this purpose, a 7 × 7 one-way diallel design was conducted in a rANDomized complete block design with three replications. The measured traits were included plant height, height to the first capsule, number of days to 50% AND 90% of flowering, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, number of days to physiological ripening, number of branches, leaves number AND length, 1000-seeds weight, capsule weight, length AND width, chlorophyll a, b AND total chlorophyll, biological ANDeconomic YIELDs, harvest index, oil AND protein percentage. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes AND diallel analysis showed that the additive variance of all traits AND dominant variance of all traits except height to the first fruit-bearing capsule were significant. The oltan cultivar was the best AND Ardestan genotype was the worst genotype in terms of general combining ability. Sabzevar×TS-3 AND Sirjan×Fars were the best hybrids in most traits. The general heritability was between 0.90 to 0.96 for biologic YIELD AND number of branches, respectively AND narrow heritability was between 0.36 to 0.91 for the number of branches AND harvest index, respectively. The analysis of variance by Hayman method confirmed the results of Griffing analysis.

In order to identify the correlations AND relationships between different traits in the bread wheat, 30 genotypes were investigated as sub-factors under the split plot experiment in the completely rANDomized design in greenhouse AND the rANDomized complete block design in the field with three replications under the normal irrigation AND post-anthesis water stress conditions. The results of the canonical correlation analysis showed that at both normal AND moisture stress levels, there was a significant correlation between the pair of canonical variables obtained from the phenological traits AND the YIELD components. Under the normal conditions in the greenhouse, to increase the spike density AND length, the number of days to 50% flowering can be considered as a suitable selection criterion. According to the results of canonical correlation analysis, under the stressed conditions in greenhouse, to increase the spike length, the number of days to the heading, maturity AND 50% of flowering were among the important AND effective factors. Under the optimum irrigation conditions in the field, the number of days to maturity was considered as one of the factors influencing the seed weight per spike. The results of canonical correlation analysis under the field stress conditions showed that to increase the 1000-seed weight, the number of days to maturity can be considered an appropriate selection criterion.

This study was conducted during summer AND winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) AND sustainable (Sust) (integrated between Conv AND Org) AND sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) AND fallow (F- W). YIELD quantity (YIELD AND its component) AND QUALITY (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat AND soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) AND the lowest (409.28 g/m2) seed YIELDs were obtained in Conv AND Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) YIELD of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hANDs the highest remobilization AND current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W AND conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic AND sustainable agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost AND vermicompost) AND crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, sustainable agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.